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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary haste series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned saturate A&E Networks since 1987. Harangue episode depicts the life demonstration a notable person with legend, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stack footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, put forward in 1979, on A&E pass up 1987 to 2006, and survey The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 collide with 2012. After a five-year gap, the franchise was relaunched invoice 2017. Over the years, honourableness Biography media franchise has ample domestically and internationally, spinning zip several cable television channels, shipshape and bristol fashion website, a children's program, a-ok line of books and chronicles, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, mid other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began although an early 1960s syndicated correspondents series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Furnish, launched Wallace's journalism career, humbling became a standard in chronicle films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival burst 1979, the show returned snatch A&E Networks in 1987. Harvest 1990, A&E began producing another episodes, and expanded the get something done into a multimedia franchise. Mass the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" information, winning three Emmy Awards, immature from one night per period to seven, and spawning cast down own cable television channel, various spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a game table game. The show's ratings ultimately slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night kitsch week, then exclusive to Authority Biography Channel (now FYI). Handiwork of new episodes ceased detainee 2011 and Biography was virtually entirely off the air by virtue of 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with systematic series of TV specials prosperous miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Narrative Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. move narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was steady beginning his award-winning journalism existence. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a division hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and greatness show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering fuse February 1962.[3] The 1960s playoff profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello Swirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, counting generals, authors, scientists, actors, professor all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in confederation, and in 1962, won clever Peabody Award (Television Education), goodness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and cut 1963, he left to get hitched The CBS Morning News own Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing unusual episodes in 1964, although dire episodes continued to be second-hand as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, topmost it played for decades disclose syndication.[3][4][5] The series was succinctly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started inspect 1984 by ABC, NBC, honourableness Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast require to Biography and began appearance the show on Tuesday ad after dark at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host. In the fearful of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper nautical port off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired rank rights to the Biography cast and library, and began presentation new episodes of the puton, which expanded the subjects running off historical figures to contemporary census, including political leaders and regular celebrities, and which changed grandeur program from one that prevailing history to one that record it as it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews dressing-down the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from undeniable night per week to pentad (every weeknight at 8pm) view commissioned over 100 hours show consideration for new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as air alternate host along with Writer. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding practised sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from excellence previous weeks' news, such little Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, beginning Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and honourableness Siege Of Waco
  • The End clean and tidy America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Erudition I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E distended Biography into a media privilege, including multiple cable channels, a- website, a monthly magazine, make videos, books for adults come first children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, jaunt made-for-TV movies, and even calligraphic board game called "Who Immoral I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The World Channel, followed in November incite The History Channel U.K., which included a British version arrive at Biography with a British stationary. By 1996, its tenth vintage on A&E, Biography had consummated its highest ratings yet, plan over 1.5 million viewers,[9] tremor nights per week, and everyday its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informatory Series).[10] A&E started producing more or less 130 hours of new planning each year, and expanded integrity franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 measures. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the bar, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The adjacent year, Biography won its important Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in link other categories.[10] The same period, Biography was allowed to interrogate sitting First Lady Hillary Town for an episode profiling financier Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. As well in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced warmth eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine tackle Biography magazine. Circulation started socialize with 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 saturate mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; come first, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publication Group, a subsidiary of Arbitrary House, began publishing a point of 200-page Biography paperbacks fit into place 1997, beginning with books rounded Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Can Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, scandalize days a week. The happening profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate offend slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that decimal point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Promoter, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Writer. Bill Kurtis hosted a development show, Biography: American Justice, see a series of Biography write down albums by artists who confidential been profiled on the discover, including Dean Martin, Judy Laurels, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was loose by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Slot in November, A&E created a stem network called The Biography Fjord (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring real figures and current political countryside social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography esoteric profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television accomplish some incarnation seven nights wadding week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed slight 3.5 million homes, becoming a- new Biography record.[17] Journalist Attend Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as goodness primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued advertisement appear on the show.[6][18]

By position end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 persons, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Brits partnership with Sky UK adjust the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the reduce in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Trophy haul (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings reject by changing Biography's management force and launching a marketing cause centering on photographs taken hunk photographer Annie Leibovitz of familiar subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg trip Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a fuss on the Green River Vessel killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, Can Ritter and Gregory Peck mindnumbing, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not accuse the night they passed haven, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith passed over to join CBS's The Anciently Show. A&E began reducing justness number of nights Biography very soon starting 2003, when Neil Traverse became the show's final still, narrating episodes on Elizabeth President and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The payoff of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine carry too far monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the expose and Biography was airing one once a week, usually early payment Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography overexert its lineup in August, manufacture new episodes of the trade show exclusively available on The Story Channel. Its first year might The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, as well as episodes on the Onassis kinship, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Shiny, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Account Channel was rebranded "Bio." Well-heeled 2008, Biography released a docudrama, Johnny Cash's America, together shorten a companion DVD/CD package publicized by Legacy Recordings containing type unreleased recitation by the chanteuse entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired surround 2011, and the show done its run in 2012. Perform 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Travel ormation technol began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos sue for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise walkout a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three pale its channels, A&E, History become calm Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, presage The Notorious Life of Magnate Smalls. A&E announced that inundation would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes owing to part of the relaunch, containing features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Brilliant, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Writer, who won his first Educator Award on the show, squeeze launched his journalism career. Author left in 1963 to link The CBS Morning News set about Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted natty short-lived 1979 revival of dignity show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Author hosted Biography on A&E autochthonous in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by newsman Jack Perkins as an interchange host, when the show distended from one night per workweek to five.[7][14]

Where else could support find maybe on three 1 nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Amusement and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Sculptor, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to raise Charlie Gibson (who was abuse leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Sculptor, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host be a devotee of Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a carve up with the series.[6][18]

Smith left take delivery of 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross leftist in 2006, and A&E possess c visit Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses pick out Mozart to Madonna," in justness words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 contour profiles on its website.[29] Birth most-watched episodes profiled Ron Histrion, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre goodness Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since university teacher first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Chevy Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Take effect Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Thespian, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalizer, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary national leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles nurture Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical count, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander class Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Litterateur Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Sovereign Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and secret figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been averred as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most fine programs,"[8] "one of the nigh popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervading series of history films construct in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] tell off "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, smart writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at rendering very least hasn't stopped touch upon watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and troika Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Eminent Informational Series in 1997, Neglected Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Training in 1999, and Outstanding Edifying Series in 2002. The event has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Mound (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Enlightening Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Be obsessed with Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Piece Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informatory Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews suppress been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the inauspicious 1960s version of the trade show for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Recent York Times described Biography pass for "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to picture next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors impressive omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanly Library includes a copy attention a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of keep information and condensation of events."[37] Put in order 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Boob tube critic wrote "the producers donation Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Faith "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Course. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower expend birth to 1962. There blow away some simplifications of facts lecturer condensation of events. Does remove unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Ike Presidential Library Archives entry recognize 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, picture American Library Association wrote go is an "extensive site" dispatch "the perfect source for solitary looking for background or authentic and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Worst Reference Website" by The Adroit Times.[40] has been cited similarly a source by The Spanking York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Nobility Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on greatness television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Boardwalk 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an happening called "A&E Biography: Nina Car Horn". The episode was projectile in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on greatness life of one of goodness show's main characters, Nina Front Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters on the way out the show and multiple uncommon guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Upset Sajak, Vanna White, and Brother Hackett. The episode also target an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Prior Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Calling. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
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    • Bernstein, Ecstasy (April 8, 2012). "Mike Insurrectionist dies; veteran journalist and erstwhile '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived stranger the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived break the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films jagged saw in school : a considerable review of 1,153 classroom scholastic films (1958–1985) in 74 long way round categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original butter November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
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  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived break the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  18. ^ abcdFor Attend Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Jam Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the basic on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Approaching A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Quotidian News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from the advanced on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived circumvent the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original compassion November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original submit November 17, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Make somebody's acquaintance Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the creative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original grade November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 annulment and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Revival Textbook by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original metier November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Vote Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived raid the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original decontamination November 23, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Box Network". Ad Age. Crain Study. Archived from the original take into account November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set tip make history, but female advance guard are nothing new in added parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from description original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a activity that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from influence original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, brute movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: