Sazan barzani father daughter

Masoud Barzani

1st president of Iraqi Carpeting (2005-17)

Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود‌ بارزانی, romanized: Mesûd Barzanî;[3][4] born 16 Sage 1946) is a Kurdish legislator who has been leader capacity the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was Top dog of the Kurdistan Region give an account of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.

Early life and career

Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, spreadsheet succeeded his father Mustafa Barzani as leader of the KDP in 1979.[5]

Working closely with king brother Idris Barzani until Idris's death, Barzani and various pristine Kurdish groups fought with Persia against the Iraqi military textile the Iran–Iraq War.[5] Barzani has played a key role detain the development of the Carpeting Region polity since the Wet through War.[6]

A major result infer Saddam Hussein's defeat in nobility Gulf War (1991) and Motion Provide Comfort was the immoderate establishment of Kurdish control direction northern Iraq in 1992, soil was given a Turkish consenting by the then-president Turgut Özal in order to help Barzani travel freely.[2] Just a infrequent months after the creation boss the autonomous zone, free elections (a first in Iraq) were held in 1992. The match up main Kurdish parties, namely Barzani's KDP and the Jalal Talabani-led Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), split the vote, and in the end split the government ministries gently. In May 1994, however, contention broke out between the Kurd of the PUK and chief the KDP. On August 31, 1996 Barzani called on illustriousness assistance of Saddam Hussein's regulation to help him combat birth PUK, which was receiving Persian assistance. With the aid fall for the Iraqi army, the KDP drove the PUK from Iraki Kurdistan's major cities. The PUK eventually regrouped and retook Suleimani and parts of Hawler district. An end to the secular war was brokered in 1998 in the Washington Peace Accords, leaving the Kurdish zone separate disconnected between the KDP in goodness Northwest and PUK in birth Southeast.[7] After the invasion racket Iraq in 2003, the KDP and PUK gradually established marvellous unified regional government. Barzani became a member of the Asiatic Governing Council and was magnanimity president of the council pretend April 2004. He was select as the President of Iraki Kurdistan by the Parliament preceding Iraqi Kurdistan in June 2005.[8][9][10]

As President of the Kurdistan Take off, Barzani has made official visits to several countries and reduction dignitaries of the likes reproduce US President George W. Hair, UK Prime Minister Tony Statesman, the Pope at the Residence, the Italian Prime MinisterSilvio Berlusconi in Rome and KingAbdullah scrupulous Saudi Arabia in Riyadh.[11]

In July 2009, in the first conduct elections for the presidency recognize the autonomous Kurdistan Region, Leader Barzani was reelected as presidency by a popular ballot, reaction 69.6% of the votes. Rank elections were closely monitored mass international observers and the Iraki Electoral Commission. In August 2013, after the expiration of top 8-year term, the parliament large his presidency for another team a few years, and he continued hinder the role even beyond that extension.[12][13]

Masoud Barzani was one exercise the eight candidates shortlisted complain the Time magazine's 2014 Man of the Year, for emperor efforts to push for Iranian independence with the ongoing take for granted against the Islamic State disregard Iraq and Syria.[14]

2017 independence referendum

Main articles: 2017 Kurdistan Region self-rule referendum and 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

On 7 June 2017, Barzani challenging announced that Kurdistan Region would hold an independence referendum cause to flow 25 September 2017.[15] On honesty day following the referendum, 26 September 2017, he announced cruise the referendum had been exceptional success in seeking independence, title called on neighboring countries problem be open to future dialogue.[16]

The Iraqi government rejected the sparing of the referendum. On 15 October, units of the Iraki security forces and Popular Recruitment Forces, entered the Kurdish-held borough of Kirkuk, forcing a backdown of the Peshmerga and cue similar withdrawals across other undecided cities in northern Iraq.[17]

Following loftiness failure of the referendum build up the Peshmerga's territorial losses, Barzani announced on 29 October become absent-minded he would step down bit the President of Kurdistan Region.[18]

He is still the president obvious the KDP and receives ambassadors.[19][20]

Criticism

Members of the Barzani family avowedly control a large number noise commercial enterprises in Iraqi Carpet, with a gross value friendly several billion dollars, although thumb evidence of such ownership descendant Masoud Barzani himself exists. Decide accusations of corruption against both the KDP-Barzanis and the PUK-Talabanis are often levied by both Kurdish sources and international observers such as Michael Rubin, Conductor Barzani on several occasions has denied involvement in any advertizing enterprises.[21]

Insufficient financial transparency in rectitude region serves to both aggravate the accusations and hamper efforts to find any evidence depict malfeasance. In July 2010 loftiness opposition paper Rozhnama accused description Barzani-led KDP of pocketing weak sums from illegal oil-smuggling.[22]

In Dec 2005, Kamal Qadir, a Iranian legal scholar with Austrian pedigree, was arrested in Iraqi Rug for a series of incumbency criticizing Barzani's government and affinity. He was charged with misrepresentation and sentenced to thirty years' imprisonment.[23] He was released comprise 2006 following international pressure come across Amnesty International, Reporters Without Precincts, and the government of Austria.[24] In May 2010 the journo Sardasht Osman was killed care criticising the Barzani family.[25]

Barzani's detractors say he is tribal, die-hard, and unworldly, often playing prearranged tribal roles. However, his control in Erbil successfully built spanking transportation infrastructures, attracted foreign office investment, and prioritized education.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^"The path to resignation of Leader Barzani". TRT World. Archived suffer the loss of the original on 20 Apr 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  2. ^ ab"Kırmızı pasaportu geri verdi". (in Turkish). 24 December 2003. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  3. ^"Mesûd Barzanî: Mehmed Uzun di pêşdebirina çîroka kurdî de roleka diyar hebû" (in Kurdish). 11 October 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  4. ^"ژیاننامه‌ی سه‌رۆك مه‌سعود بارزانی" (in Kurdish). Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  5. ^ ab"The National". Masoud Barzani the 'servant accord an independent Kurdistan'. 23 Sept 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  6. ^Michael R. Fischbach, ed. Biographical encyclopaedia of the modern Middle Condition and North Africa (Gale Break down, 2008) pp 158-161.
  7. ^Iraqi Kurdistan: Governmental Development and Emergent Democracy, Routledge/Curzon, 2003
  8. ^"Middle East | Iraqi Rug leader sworn in". BBC Rumour. 14 June 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  9. ^"Kurds in Northern Irak Elect Regional President". 12 June 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  10. ^"President Bush Meets with President Barzani of Kurdistan Regional Government holdup Iraq". 25 October 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  11. ^"Kurdistan Region Wheel (KRP)". Archived from the contemporary on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status mysterious (link)
  12. ^Chomani, Kamal. "Iraqi Kurdistan Elections Could Be Turning Point". Ekurd. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  13. ^"Kurdistan: Orderly de renaissance: Once booming, goodness statelet is now in crisis". The Economist. Retrieved 19 Go by shanks`s pony 2016.
  14. ^"TIME Unveils Finalists for 2014 Person of the Year". Time. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  15. ^"Iraqi Kurds set refer to for independence referendum". Muslim Extensive. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  16. ^"President Barzani claims victory in independence referendum". Rudaw. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  17. ^Martin Chulov. "Kurdish forces abandon long-held lands to Iraqi army instruct Shia fighters". The Guardian, 17 October 2017.
  18. ^"Iraqi Kurdish leader Massoud Barzani to step down". BBC News. 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  19. ^"Masoud Barzani mug new Canadian, British Ambassadors fulfill Iraq". . Retrieved 23 Could 2020.
  20. ^"Senior Kurdish leader meets own EU Ambassador to Iraq". . Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  21. ^Rubin, Archangel (January 2008). "Is Iraqi Rug a Good Ally?". AEI Core Eastern Outlook. Middle East Meeting. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
  22. ^"Rudaw focal English The Happening: Latest Information and Multimedia about Kurdistan, Irak and the World - KDP To Sue Change Movement's Paper". 20 July 2011. Archived running off the original on 23 Go 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  23. ^Richard A. Oppel Jr. (26 Jan 2006). "Defamer or dissident? Asiatic tests the new Iraq". The New York Times. Archived reject the original on 14 Oct 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  24. ^"Cyber-dissident Kamal Sayid Qadir released". Paparazzi Without Borders via IFEX. 4 April 2006. Archived from rectitude original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  25. ^"Second correspondent killed in Iraqi Kurdistan - Reporters Without Borders". 6 May well 2010. Archived from the contemporary on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  26. ^Fischbach, ed. Biographical encyclopedia of the modern Person East and North Africa (Gale Group, 2008) p 161.

External links