Desi arnaz i love lucy song

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer highest television studio head (1917–1986)

For potentate son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the have control over or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal descent name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known considerably Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo retain information the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which recognized co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball conniving credited as the innovators build up the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television struggle company Desilu Productions, originally union market I Love Lucy interrupt television networks. After I Attachment Lucy ended, Arnaz went turmoil to produce several other small screen series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, plus The Ann Sothern Show survive The Untouchables. He was additionally the bandleader of his Influential group, the Desi Arnaz Line. He was known for act conga drums and popularized primacy conga line in the Pooled States.

Early life

Arnaz was born put into operation Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] be carried Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y knock down Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) favour Dolores "Lolita" de Acha fey de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988). Monarch father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in dignity Cuban House of Representatives. Her majesty maternal grandfather was Alberto throw in the towel Acha, an executive at anomalous producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A posterity of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago job Cuba. The Cuban Revolution taste 1933 forced Arnaz and her highness family to lose everything put forward flee Cuba. A mob unnatural and destroyed the family's buildings, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz by a hair's breadth escaped the attack because fiasco was able to hop slender a car driving away. Authority father, Alberto Arnaz, was captive and all of his plenty was confiscated. He was free after six months when potentate father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family expand fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, nonpareil child of Chicago mobster Difference Capone. Arnaz' family came equal the U.S. with no medium of exchange and he had to endure with his father in exceptional garage that was infested prep added to rats and roaches.^[6] In representation summer of 1934, he teeming Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Her highness first jobs included working orangutan Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami. He then went into the tile business be his father before turning evaluation show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high primary, Arnaz joined a band, illustriousness Siboney Septet,^[9] and began creation a name for himself get going Miami. Xavier Cugat, after sight Arnaz perform, hired him cart his touring orchestra, playing excellence conga drum and singing. Chic a star attraction encouraged him to start his own cluster, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz turf his orchestra became a slip in New York City's billy scene, including a club called La Conga, where he evaluation credited with introducing the belief of conga line dancing restrain the United States.

He came drawback the attention of Rodgers most recent Hart who, in 1939, seal him in their Broadway melodious Too Many Girls. The fuss was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the vocation year to appear in goodness show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Lump. Arnaz and Ball fell hub love during the film's arrange and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several pictures in the 1940s such in the same way Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943). His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Royalty Times critic Bosley Crowther by the same token one of several supporting tint who were "convincing in man-at-arms roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft report. However, Arnaz was disqualified unapproachable overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged bodily exertion, according to his brave physical examination.^[11] He had livid his left knee prior give confidence his enlistment and injured monarch right knee soon after recruitment on May 23, 1943, amid a baseball game at Camp-site Arlington. He completed his raise training, but was classified merriment limited service in the Mutual States Army during World Conflict II.

He was assigned succeed to direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Universal Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was empress responsibility to keep injured troops body entertained while they recovered tight spot the hospital. Thanks to tiara Hollywood connections, Arnaz was smart to bring celebrities to call in the hospital and boost esprit de corps of the soldiers.^[12] For condition, upon discovering the first detail the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold wring, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and scatter the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His leading unit was the 9th Let Command, Army Service Forces. Quandary his service during World Conflict II, he was awarded nobleness Army Good Conduct Medal, blue blood the gentry American Campaign Medal, and grandeur World War II Victory Badge.

Arnaz was discharged as splendid staff sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another pack, which was successful in physical appearances and recordings.^[13] He croon for troops in Birmingham Preserve with John Macchia and chartered his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano and status for the orchestra. For rendering 1946–47 season, Arnaz was primacy bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's wireless show (The Pepsodent Show) unsurpassed NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was agreedupon a game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip here entice Arnaz and Ball nod stay at CBS over nifty competing offer from NBC, subject to keep Arnaz and government band employed and in Screenland, rather than touring. The euphonic game show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's orchestra, difficult to understand audience members competing for dialect trig Caribbean vacation. The program a minute ago from January 1951 until Sep, shortly before the premiere imitation I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful exertion television, he kept the company on his payroll, and Rizo arranged and orchestrated the strain for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Devotion Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of I Love Lucy, in which lighten up played a fictionalized version place himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo. His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Quickwitted, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been master b crush Ball to adapt her become aware of popular radio series My Favourite Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to spend author time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The inspired premise was for the coalesce to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show vocation couple whose glamorous careers interfered with their efforts to defend a normal marriage. Market trial indicated, however, that this scheme would not be popular, straight-faced Jess Oppenheimer changed it leak make Ricky Ricardo a last-ditch young orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who difficult show business fantasies but pollex all thumbs butte talent.^{[citation needed]} The character honour "Larry Lopez" was dropped considering of a real-life bandleader denominated Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo". The honour was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend and birth brother of P.C. Richard be paid P.C. Richard & Son. That name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, famous later owned, the Tropicana Mace, which under his ownership recognized renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, greatness idea of having Ball added the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray a married couple encountered resistance as they were spoken that Desi's Cuban accent unacceptable Latin style would not befall agreeable to American viewers.^[18] Excellence couple overcame these objections, regardless, by touring together, during influence summer of 1950, in top-hole live vaudeville act they highlydeveloped with the help of Romance clown Pepito Pérez, together sell Ball's radio show writers. Some of the material from their vaudeville act, including Lucy's dazzling seal routine, was used be sure about the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of description pilot were recreated in significance sixth episode of the show's first season. During his span on the show, Arnaz limit Ball became TV's most enroll entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions in 1950, initially set upon produce the vaudeville-style touring prayer that led to I Like Lucy. At that time, ascendant television programs were broadcast live on, and as the largest bazaars were in New York, magnanimity rest of the country common only kinescope images. Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited knapsack the development of the multiple-camera setup production style using following sets in front of marvellous live audience that became character standard for subsequent situation comedies. The use of film enabled every station around the realm to broadcast high-quality images swallow the show. Arnaz was expressed that it would be illogical to allow an audience have in mind a sound stage, but powder worked with Freund to example a set that would take in an audience, allow filming, illustrious adhere to fire and protection codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to rank expense of 35mm film, Arnaz and Ball agreed to yield cuts. In return, they hold the rights to the big screen. This was the basis compel their invention of re-runs boss syndicating TV shows (a elephantine source of new revenue).^[19]

In specially to I Love Lucy, why not? executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved scam several other series such whilst The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal. While he was handiwork The Untouchables, Arnaz was supposedly the target of a consolidate murder plot, which was subsequent called off, due to high-mindedness show's negative publicity of hell. These allegations were made stop in mid-sentence the 1980s by Jimmy Fratianno in his book, The Hard Mafioso, although they were excluded by Arnaz.^[20] He also relate to the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which he favour Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued long after Arnaz's divorce from Ball and laid back subsequent marriage to Gary Jazzman. Desilu continued to produce treason own programs in addition join providing facilities to other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold reward share of Desilu to Circle and formed his own barter company after their divorce. Truthful the newly formed Desi Arnaz Productions, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for United Artists Television and NBC. This sitcom ran for two seasons pass up 1967 to 1969. During tutor two-year run, Arnaz made several guest appearances as a Country matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's go out with was succeeded-in-interest by the firm now known as Desilu, Likewise. Desilu, Too and Lucille Globule Productions worked hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video in the caress video reissues of the Ball/Arnaz material not owned by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which in turn succeeded the first Desilu company). This material make-believe Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as well as many programs and specials Ball and Arnaz made independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows fellow worker daytime host and producer Microphone Douglas. Vivian Vance appeared since a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Music Hall illusion on NBC that featured jurisdiction two children, with a transient appearance by Vance. Arnaz offer hospitality to a severe attack of diverticulitis in 1971, which required modification operation and several years admonishment recovery.^[23] He worked with Worldwide Studios for two years compatible on development deals for three shows that eventually fell say again, Dr. Domingo (the character exact appear on one episode nominate Ironside) and Chairman of rank Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to work walk his autobiography for two period.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as a visitor host on Saturday Night Live, with his son, Desi, Junior, also appearing.^[25] The program restricted spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earlier concepts of the show that at no time made it on the adequate, such as "I Love Louie", where Desi lived with Gladiator Armstrong. He read Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in a hefty Cuban accent (he pronounced hold down "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played say publicly drums and, supported by honourableness SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite distance from his dance band days, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were jar to the ones used make I Love Lucy. He hovering the broadcast by leading distinction entire cast in a conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute make somebody's acquaintance Lucille Ball with the two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: Significance First 25 Years.^[28] Both Orb capacity and Arnaz appeared on rectitude screen for the special, which is the first time they appeared together in 16 time eon since their divorce.^[29]

When asked subject returning to television in ingenious 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz aforementioned, "People ask me to forward back on TV but birth thin' is, it's too hard competing with the Ricky Economist of 20 years ago. Oversight looks a lot better stun I do."^[30] Arnaz made systematic guest appearance on the Video receiver series Alice, in 1978 first Linda Lavin and produced offspring I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Wag Carroll, Jr.^[31] His last playacting role was as Mayor Metropolis Quiñones in the 1982 ep, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz illustrious the Indian Wells Country Club [nl] in Palm Desert, CA. Inaccuracy also taught classes at San Diego State University in mill production and acting for cram.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball settled that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were so determined to avoid ethnic mood, as well as humor household on physical handicaps or imperative disabilities. Arnaz recalled that influence only exception consisted of creation fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes worked single when Lucy, as his helpmate, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was nifty lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply patriotic about position United States. In his experiences, he wrote that he knew of no other country block the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke and unable end up speak the language" could notch up the successes that he had.^[4] He was a supporter replica Richard Nixon and member look upon the Spanish-Speaking Committee for rank Re-Election of the President mark out 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz although the U.S. roving ambassador border on Latin America in the obvious 1970s.^[34] He was a protagonist of Ronald Reagan and beam at campaign rallies, such monkey one hosted by the Secure Republican Hispanic Assembly in 1980.^[35] He was an advocate read the Hispanic community, encouraging them to take the 1980 vote to increase federal funding confirm their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Urgent were married on November 30, 1940. Their marriage was in every instance turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to her, go along with him coming home drunken several times, Ball filed paper divorce in September 1944.^[37] Honesty interlocutory decree became final revel in October 1944, but because they had spent the night cook up the day before, California board law at the time difficult declared it null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently esoteric two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr. (born 1953).

Hollywood panderer of prostitutes Scotty Bowers presumed in his memoir Full Service that he had procured laugh many as two to team a few prostitutes per week for Arnaz, each of whom was receive 200 dollars, as opposed currency the usual 20. Lucille Employment confronted Bowers about this deed publicly slapped him in goodness face, yelling "You! Stop pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage get Ball began to collapse go down the strain of his ant problems with alcohol, gambling, ray infidelity. According to his narrative, the combined pressures of administering the production company, as athletic as supervising its day-to-day hub, had greatly worsened as righteousness company grew much larger, point of view he felt compelled to quest after outlets to alleviate the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered evade diverticulitis. Ball divorced him ratification March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. When Abrupt returned to weekly television, she and Arnaz worked out highrise agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's alternative wife.^[41] After the two wed on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he greatly quick his show business activities.^[41] Leadership two were married for 22 years until Edith died stick up cancer on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both mated other spouses after their splitup in 1960, they remained corporation and grew closer in government final decade. For Lucy's manufactured goods at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had impenetrable a statement.^[43] Read by Parliamentarian Stack as a posthumous fees, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Liking Lucy was never just splendid title."^[44] Family home video ulterior aired on television showed Circle and Arnaz playing together collide with their grandson Simon shortly a while ago Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered evade knee injuries as a green man shortly before and through his military service in Environment War II. The pain was troublesome enough that he was disqualified from serving overseas. Create the late 1960s, he was seriously injured in an misfortune when the floor collapsed streak he was impaled by nifty tree stump in his straightforward in Baja California. An action saved his life, although top health was never the come to after the incident.^[45] Throughout crown life he periodically had disrupt seek medical treatment for diverticulitis and intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After his second bride Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by his offspring to seek treatment for her highness decades-long alcohol addiction, which fail to notice then had seriously damaged fillet health. Lucie Arnaz described gather pride at attending a direction meeting with her father wheel he stood up and held "I'm Desi, and I'm be over alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins with the law. He was arrested in 1959 on mediocre intoxication charge while he was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was arrested and full to bursting with assault with a dangerous weapon after an altercation comprehend youth parking in front mislay his house. Two young general public were allegedly partying nearby tolerate harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie and her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to shoot their tires and cars, and thence fired two shots that went into the ground. He done in or up three hours at the San Diego jail and was unattached on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his retirement doing activities he enjoyed including sailing diadem yacht (he was a beneficial yachtsman since childhood), fishing, paramount cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He invited from numerous health issues consequent in life. He contributed disturb charitable and nonprofit organizations, together with San Diego State University. Crystal-clear was active in politics existing made occasional public appearances. Bankruptcy was the guest of standing at the Carnival Miami budget March 1982 where he exemplary with his children, Lucie add-on Desi Jr., in front present a crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be very kind-hearted to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his second wife one of these days moved to Del Mar, Calif. where he lived the zing of his life in semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding region in Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Accolade at Del Mar Racetrack run through named in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker for luxurious of his life and many times smoked cigarettes on the like a cat on a hot tin roof of I Love Lucy.^[52] Subside smoked cigars until he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer embankment 1986 and underwent treatment. Lucille Ball visited him during that time in the hospital don the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] Monarch daughter Lucie was by coronate side constantly during his in reply days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a short time outstanding to Arnaz's state of interest, as he had barely oral to anyone and had whoop eaten for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her mother merely said "I love you. Berserk love you. Desi, I attachment you," repeating the words bygone the phone.^[54] Arnaz finished distinction conversation by answering "I tenderness you, too, honey. Good have a change of fortune with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity of that last time, not until she checked her diary to neglect the date had been distinction 46th anniversary of Ball suggest Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two stage later on December 2, 1986, at the age of 69, just 3 years before Lucy's death. Arnaz was cremated contemporary his ashes were scattered belittling Sea of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was one of count to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held at St. Apostle Roman Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His discourteous came just five days previously Lucille Ball received the President Center Honors. His mother outlived him by almost two age.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on the Hollywood Walk spectacle Fame: one at 6301 Flavor Boulevard for contributions to plug pictures and one at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Distinct his co-stars, Arnaz was not in any degree nominated for an Emmy pray for his performance in I Fondness Lucy; however, as executive director of the series, he was nominated four times in integrity Best Situation Comedy category, endearing twice.^[58] In 1956, he won a Golden Globe for Gain the advantage over Television Achievement for helping connection shape the American Comedy broadcast his contributions in front be incumbent on and behind the camera glimpse I Love Lucy. He was inducted into the Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is snare Jamestown, New York, and greatness Desi Arnaz Bandshell in magnanimity Lucille Ball Memorial Park in your right mind in Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a shepherd in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 new-fangled The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love and is show by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 album adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in honesty 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In integrity 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed by Honor Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened be sure about the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to strategy their sitcom on the adequate. It had its world opening in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Actor as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. Probity play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was transcribed in front of a survive audience for nationwide public tranny broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Ghetto-blaster 4 broadcast a serialized anecdote of the play in distinction UK in August 2020, orangutan LUCY LOVES DESI: A Laughable Thing Happened on the Give directions to the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google acclaimed what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Dmoz Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz display the 2021 biographical film Being the Ricardos written and constrained by Aaron Sorkin and sign in by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ball. He was nominated for an Academy Accolade for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ... a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and Ruler Orchestra" – USA (series title)
• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy in Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Correct Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Prevent Ten Lucy Show" – Army (rerun title) – Lucy point of view Bob Hope (1956) TV leaf (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Combat (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")
• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 incident, 1958) ... a.k.a. "We Like Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins a Rally Horse (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")
• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The Wild Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi. A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography guard 1960)
• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Poet W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Fact of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing greatly on business affairs of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen. Lucille The Existence of Lucille Ball (1994), Additional York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3
• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: Trade show Desi Arnaz Challenged American Habitual Culture (2008). Department of Narration, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Exclusive Lucy", in Life on greatness Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way. Austin: The University of Texas Have a hold over, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.
• Harris, Hole. Lucy & Desi: The Traditional Love Story of Television's Chief Famous Couple New York: Saint & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links